A theoretical dynamics framework for the general coupling system of high-speed trains was proposed according to the operational features of high-speed trains and the demand to study dynamics of the high-speed train system.In the framework,the track,catenary and air flows are coupled with the high-speed train.A model for the general coupling system was built with substructural method,where the substructures are coupled by forces or movements.A concept of service simulation and its necessity were discussed to improve the operational safety and reliability of high-speed trains.Suggestions on failure modeling of materials,structures and parameters,as well as the procedure,method and research scope of service simulation,were presented.