Objective To extract and separate the anthraquinone compounds,such as rhein,emodin,chrysophanol,physcion,etc.from Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati.Methods The anthraquinones with different acidity were ex-tracted and separated by improved Soxhlet extraction method and basic gradient extraction method.Results The improved technology could raise the extraction rate and shorten the extraction time.Conclusion The method can be used to test the extraction and separation of anthraquinone compounds on a large scale.