Insulin resistance assessed by estimated glucose disposal rate predicts cardiovascular disease in stages 0–3 of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a UK biobank cohort study

This study establishes a strong association between IR severity and long-term CVD risk in individuals with CKM syndrome stages 0-3. The eGDR, a reliable surrogate marker of IR, independently predicts future CVD events and provides incremental predictive value beyond the PREVENT equations. These findings underscore the clinical utility of eGDR for risk stratification in CKM populations.