Punctuality at work and job performance: do non-punctual employees outperform punctual ones?

Purpose This study investigates the relationship between punctuality, a carefree mindset, work–life balance, stress levels and job performance. It challenges traditional views that punctuality directly correlates with higher job performance by exploring the mediating roles of mental well-being and work–life balance. Design/methodology/approach Utilizing self-determination theory (SDT) as the theoretical framework, the study adopts a cross-sectional design involving 500 full-time employees from various industries. Data were collected through validated scales measuring punctuality, a carefree mindset, work–life balance, stress levels and job performance. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for analysis. Findings The results indicate that higher punctuality is associated with increased stress and poorer work–life balance, which negatively impact job performance. Conversely, a carefree mindset and effective work–life balance mitigate these adverse effects, enhancing job performance. This suggests that non-punctual employees may perform better under certain conditions due to reduced stress and better work–life balance. Practical implications Organizations should consider implementing flexible work schedules and policies that prioritize employee well-being and work–life balance. This approach can reduce stress levels, foster a carefree mindset, and ultimately enhance overall job performance. Originality/value This study provides a nuanced understanding of the impact of punctuality on job performance, highlighting the importance of mental well-being and work–life balance. It offers valuable insights for developing organizational policies that support employee flexibility and well-being.