Lessons From the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Pneumonia: A Case Report

Herein, we report a case of an elderly male patient who underwent extended radical resection of cardiac carcinoma after regular chemotherapy combined with sintilimab (PD-1 monoclonal antibody) immunotherapy complicated with severe pneumonitis postoperatively. We performed several treatments for aspiration pneumonitis; however, the patient's pulmonary infection and oxygenation were not efficiently improved. The multidisciplinary team considered it an immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonitis after diagnosis and treatment and then modified the treatment regimen. The pulmonary inflammation was effectively controlled with improved oxygenation; the patient was gradually weaned from the ventilator and finally discharged. The possibility of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonitis should be fully considered particularly for patients with a history of immunosuppressive therapy with clinical symptoms of severe pneumonitis.