Production, purification, and application of microbial enzymes

The present human era aspires to move toward biorefinery for sustainable development worldwide. Enzymes are the biocatalysts required by all living organisms for syntheses and breakdown reactions. These are the dynamic biomolecules that are highly specific in their action. Such eco-friendly biological processes have replaced many harmful chemical reactions due to these molecules, which are nothing less than a boon to humanity. Enzyme technology is evolving to its vigor. Enzymes being highly specific can revolutionize the whole industrial sector. Due to significant bioprocess technology and genetic engineering advancements, industrial enzyme production technology has recently attained massive success. Enzymes with desired properties and improved functions can be developed via protein engineering. Also, the proteins can be modified even at the genetic level via genetic engineering. This chapter deals with industrial enzyme production, purification, formulation, commercial application, and a short account of the market position of enzymes globally. Novel enzymes, as well as novel applications, are continued to emerge, providing a new horizon for enzyme technology to flourish.