The influence of gingival biotypes on periodontal health: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care center

Dimensional characteristic of gingiva is a predisposing factor for initiation and course of periodontal diseases and conditions. Knowledge about variations of gingival biotype among subjects is a prognostic determinant in Periodontics. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of gingival biotypes and to evaluate its influence on various periodontal health parameters. Among the patients who reported to the out-patient section, a cross-sectional study was done on those who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Gingival thickness was measured on six anterior teeth of maxillary and mandibular arch using no.15 endodontic spreader and digital caliper by a single examiner on 112 subjects. Another examiner recorded the clinical parameters pertaining to periodontal health. Subjects with gingival thickness 1.5mm were categorized to thin and those with 2mm into thick gingival biotype. Difference in mean values of quantitative variables was tested by Mann Whitney U test. Bivariate correlation was assessed by Pearson correlation. Multiple linear regression models were developed for modified gingival index and interproximal attachment loss. Prevalence of thin and thick gingival biotype was 48.21% and 39.28% respectively. Mean gingival thickness observed was 1.49±0.59mm. Mean score of all clinical parameters were significantly higher in thin gingival biotype. Gingival biotype had a negative correlation with modified gingival index and interproximal attachment scores. Thicker gingival biotype can be considered to have a protective effect against the development of periodontal pathology.