FROM MICROSCOPIC TO CATASTROPHIC: MICROPLASTICS' THREAT TO GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY

Plastics are used extensively worldwide; however, their limited biodegradability has led to significant environmental pollution. Among plastic pollutants, the smallest identified forms are nanoplastics (1 nm to 1 μm) and microplastics (1 μm to 5 mm). Microplastics have become ubiquitous across the global environment, and as an emerging pollutant, their potential health hazards have drawn widespread concern.These nano- and microplastics can enter the human body through multiple pathways, including inhalation via the respiratory system, ingestion of contaminated food and water through the digestive tract, and dermal penetration from cosmetics and contact with clothing. Public concerns over the health effects of microplastics are growing.