Effectiveness of survivorship programmes to enhance health-related quality of life of colorectal cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the survivorship programmes by synthesising and analysing the available evidence to enhance health-related quality of life (HRQoL) amongst colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. Methods Ten English-language databases were searched from inception to June 2025 in this systematic review and meta-analysis. All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Available data were pooled in a meta-analysis using RevMan (version 5.4.0). Two independent reviewers performed the database searches, extracted the data, assessed the methodological quality by using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool (version 2) and evaluated the overall quality of findings by using Cochrane GRADE. Results A total of 22 RCTs involving 2949 CRC survivors were identified. The meta-analysis results (thirteen studies) indicated a significant improvement in the physical (standardised mean difference [SMD] = 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI, 0.18, 0.86], P = 0.002, I 2 = 88%) and mental domains of HRQoL (SMD = 0.4, 95% CI [0.06, 0.74], P = 0.02, I 2 = 86%). Sensitivity analysis involved reducing the heterogeneity after removing one study. No publication bias was found. The overall quality of findings was from ‘low’ to ‘moderate’. Conclusions The detailed components of the survivorship programme can enhance HRQoL in physical and mental domains, indicating its potential as valuable evidence for health providers to support CRC survivors post-treatment. Future research should focus on expanding the delivery of such programme comprehensively by integrating mobile health into a nurse-led approach to optimise geographic diversity and improve social HRQoL.