Physical‐Matched Nanoplatelets Boost Heterogeneous Thrombi Targeting Through Self‐Adaptive Deformation for Thrombolysis and Endothelial Repairing

The heterogeneity of thrombi in terms of composition, structure, and blood rheology parameters presents a challenge for effective thrombus-targeting drug delivery. To address this, a self-adaptive nano-delivery system, termed D-PLT, is developed. It consists of platelet membrane-cloaked deformable mesoporous organic silicon dioxide nanocomposite, enabling it to respond to the challenge of the heterogeneity of thrombi in arteries and veins. The system exhibits progressive targeting, with the ability to target arterial and venous thrombosis and damaged blood vessels. D-PLT physically matches the pore structure of the thrombus by undergoing varied deformation, leading to advanced targeting and enrichment of arterial and venous thrombus. When co-loaded with the thrombolytic drug urokinase (UK) and the endothelium-protecting agent atorvastatin calcium (AT), the system improves rapid vascular opening of arterial and venous thrombosis in 90 min and provides up to 7 days of durable thrombolysis and recovery from endothelial dysfunction in vivo. This self-adaptive delivery system offers a promising strategy to overcome thrombus heterogeneity.