Artificial-Cofactor-Mediated Hydrogen and Electron Transfer Endows AuFe/Polydopamine Superparticles with Enhanced Glucose Oxidase-Like Activity

Various applications related to glucose catalysis have led to the development of functional nanozymes with glucose oxidase (GOX)-like activity. However, the unsatisfactory catalytic activity of nanozymes is a major challenge for their practical applications due to their inefficient hydrogen and electron transfer. Herein, we present the synthesis of AuFe/polydopamine (PDA) superparticles that exhibit photothermal-enhanced GOX-like activity. Experimental investigations and theoretical calculations reveal that the glucose oxidation process catalyzed by AuFe/PDA follows an artificial-cofactor-mediated hydrogen atom transfer mechanism, which facilitates the generation of carbon-centered radical intermediates. Rather than depending on charged Au surfaces for thermodynamically unstable hydride transfer, Fe(III)-coordinated PDA with abundant amino and phenolic hydroxyl groups serves as cofactor mimics, facilitating both hydrogen atom and electron transfer in the catalytic process. Finally, leveraging the photothermal-enhanced GOX-like and catalase-like activities of AuFe/PDA, we establish a highly sensitive and accurate point-of-care testing blood glucose determination with exceptional anti-jamming capabilities.