Aqueous-stable Mn( ii )-MOF nanoparticles with high r 1 relaxivity and biocompatibility: a novel T 1 MRI contrast agent

developmental zebrafish studies confirm biocompatibility across clinically relevant concentration ranges, with low toxicity observed at high dosing concentrations. Collectively, our findings position BVR-19-Mn as a high-performance MRI CA, introducing a sustainable, multifunctional platform for precision biomedical imaging.