Operational Resilience Evaluation of a Comprehensive Transportation Hub System Based on the SEM-AEWM-Extension Cloud Model

To reduce the safety risks in the operation of large comprehensive transportation hubs and ensure efficient orderly operation, this study introduces the concept of resilience into operational management based on the WSR (“Wu-Shi-Ren”) theory. Existing methods, such as the Delphi method, literature survey, and field survey, primarily construct an evaluation index system for the comprehensive transportation hub operation system from a resilience perspective. Combining structural equation modeling (SEM) with the anti-entropy weighting method (AEWM) based on game theory, this paper employs extension cloud theory to accurately assess the resilience levels of the hub operation system. The obstacle degree model is introduced to analyze the factors constraining the enhancement of hub operational resilience. Taking Xi’an North Railway Station as an example, the results show that the operational resilience of the station has increased annually from 2014 to 2023, elevating from lower resilience (level II) to higher resilience (level IV). Passenger flow and environmental factors are recognized as the key constraints on the improvement of hub operational resilience. Finally, optimization measures are proposed to provide theoretical support and a decision-making reference for guiding the resilience operation of the Xi’an North Railway Station, as well as other large comprehensive transportation hubs domestically and in other countries.