Chikungunya Virus: A Comprehensive Insight of Symptoms, Pathogenesis and Epidemiological Trends

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus transmitted by mosquitoes, has re-emerged recently, causing significant global outbreaks. Infection leads to chikungunya fever (CHIKF), an acute febrile illness primarily characterized by severe joint pain and myalgia, which can persist for weeks to months. The pain is much more pronounced and localized to the joints and tendons in chikungunya fever. Although CHIKF is usually self-limiting, severe cases with complications like persistent systematic clinical manifestations and fatalities have been documented. The virus’s resurgence is likely driven by factors such as viral evolution, globalization, and climate change, exacerbated by the absence of licensed vaccines or antiviral therapies. In light of its expanding range and unpredictable outbreaks, CHIKV has become a major global health threat. No specific and effective antiviral therapy is available, and vaccines are still in trial. The only effective preventive measures consist of individual protection against mosquito bites and vector control. The main objective of this study is to investigate the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis and epidemiology of CHIKV disease.