Research Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects of Carbon Dioxide Reduction Technology

The survival and sustainable development of humanity are gravely threatened by climate change, which has recently been elevated to the status of one of the greatest threats to humanity’s survival and security on a worldwide scale. In response to global climate change, how to obtain renewable and clean fuels is an important challenge for the sustainable development of human society. In order to reach the carbon peak and attain carbon neutrality, using CO2 as a resource has become a crucial aim for human civilization. Converting CO2 into chemical products with higher added value, that is, CO2 resource utilization technology can not only achieve CO2 emission reduction but also have certain economic benefits. The technologies of CO2 resource utilization primarily include photocatalytic reduction, electrocatalytic reduction, thermal catalytic reduction, and relay catalysis. This paper mainly summarizes the mechanism of CO2 catalytic conversion technologies and the research status of related catalysts, and summarizes and discusses prospects for the development of the CO2 catalytic reduction system (catalyst modification, product selectivity improvement, etc.). The ideas and guidance are provided for the development of efficient and stable CO2 reduction catalysts and the application of CO2 catalytic reduction technology in the areas of environment and energy.