Umbilical cord MSC‐derived exosomes improve alveolar macrophage function and reduce LPS‐induced acute lung injury

Abstract Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe condition that can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with a high mortality rate. Currently, no specific and compelling drug treatment plan exists. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies as a potential treatment for ALI and other lung‐related conditions due to their immunomodulatory properties and ability to regenerate various cell types. The present study focuses on analyzing the role of umbilical cord MSC (UC‐MSC))‐derived exosomes in reducing lipopolysaccharide‐induced ALI and investigating the mechanism involved. The study demonstrates that UC‐MSC‐derived exosomes effectively improved the metabolic function of alveolar macrophages and promoted their shift to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype, leading to a reduction in ALI. The findings also suggest that creating three‐dimensional microspheres from the MSCs first can enhance the effectiveness of the exosomes. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanism of action and optimize the therapeutic potential of MSCs and their secretome in ALI and other lung‐related conditions.