Functionalized Mildly Oxidized MXene-Based Injectable Hydrogel with Enhanced Photothermal Performance for Precision Therapy of Uterine Sarcoma

Uterine sarcoma is an extremely malignant gynecological tumor, characterized by rapid growth, early metastasis, and a high recurrence rate. Current treatments like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have limited effectiveness, highlighting the urgent need for innovative noninvasive alternatives. Here, we report a novel photosensitive nanocomposite hydrogel (O1-M&F) designed for NIR-induced photothermal therapy (PTT), comprising mildly oxidized MXene (O1-M) and a thermosensitive Pluronic F127 hydrogel. Unlike conventional approaches that aim to prevent MXene oxidation, we demonstrate that mild oxidation significantly enhances both the photothermal conversion efficiency and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation of MXene nanosheets. The incorporation of F127 hydrogel further ensures the long-term dispersion stability and biocompatibility of the composite system. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated potent tumor ablation capability with minimal side effects. Increased apoptosis of uterine sarcoma cells was further observed. The biocompatibility of the O1-M&F hydrogel was validated, indicating its potential for safe and effective therapeutic application. These findings suggest that O1-M&F-based PTT is a promising, noninvasive, effective treatment for uterine sarcoma, offering a novel therapeutic approach with reduced risks and enhanced patient outcomes.