Room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutylphosphate was synthesized under microwave irradiation.Ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutylphosphate was used as solvent for the selective α-monohalogenation of β-keto esters and cyclic ketones.The α-monohalogenation reactions were promoted with excellent yields,and they were environment friendly compared with those using traditional organic solvents.