生物技术
转基因生物
生物
转基因作物
生化工程
欧洲联盟
计算生物学
风险分析(工程)
业务
工程类
转基因
遗传学
基因
经济政策
作者
Salvatore Arpaia,A. Nicholas E. Birch,J. Kiss,Joop J. A. van Loon,Antoine Messéan,Marco Nuti,J. N. Perry,Jeremy Sweet,Christoph C. Tebbe
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.039
摘要
In legal frameworks worldwide, genetically modified plants (GMPs) are subjected to pre-market environmental risk assessment (ERA) with the aim of identifying potential effects on the environment. In the European Union, the EFSA Guidance Document introduces the rationale that GMPs, as well as their newly produced metabolites, represent the potential stressor to be evaluated during ERA. As a consequence, during several phases of ERA for cultivation purposes, it is considered necessary to use whole plants or plant parts in experimental protocols. The importance of in planta studies as a strategy to address impacts of GMPs on non-target organisms is demonstrated, to evaluate both effects due to the intended modification in plant phenotype (e.g. expression of Cry proteins) and effects due to unintended modifications in plant phenotype resulting from the transformation process (e.g. due to somaclonal variations or pleiotropic effects). In planta tests are also necessary for GMPs in which newly expressed metabolites cannot easily be studied in vitro. This paper reviews the scientific literature supporting the choice of in planta studies as a fundamental tool in ERA of GMPs in cultivation dossiers; the evidence indicates they can realistically mimic the ecological relationships occurring in their receiving environments and provide important insights into the biology and sustainable management of GMPs.
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