The demand for carbon refractories in India has been assessed on the basis of the requirements of existing integrated steel plants. Necessity for indigenous production of carbon refractories is examined. Raw material's position has been discussed in the light of the comprehensive work under way at the National Metallurgical Laboratory on the production of carbon refractories, on dense carbon aggregates and on Soederberg paste. Certain recommendations have been made for the setting up of a composite plant for structural carbons as well as carbon paste.