A genetic algorithm has been employed for the structure optimization of a centrifugal compressor impeller. Through a quasi orthogonal calculation of three dimensional flow of the impeller obtained was the pressure ratio of the centrifugal compressor impeller. With this pressure ratio serving as the optimization design target function of the genetic algorithm one can obtain the optimized structural design parameters for the centrifugal compressor impeller. The analysis of calculation results and flow characteristic curves has verified the feasibility of the use of the genetic algorithm for the structure optimization of the centrifugal compressor impeller.