To ensure the sustainable development, the shortcomings of the exiting studies on water resources optimal allocation were analyzed. Based on the significance of regional water resources optimal allocation and aimed at the maximum synthesized benefits of the limited water resources,the model for water resources optimal allocation were established. The constraints of available water resources,water demands for different users and coordinate development between regional water environmental and economic system were considered. Also the rule of sustainable development was embodied. At last,water resources optimal allocation of Sanmenxia City Under the guarantee of 75 percent in 1999 were studied and the results were analyzed.