ADENOVIRUS PROMOTERS AND E1A TRANSACTIVATION

INTRODUCTION .. .... .. ...... .. 45 THE MAJOR LATE PROMOTER ..... ...... .. .. .. .. ..... 46 THE EIB PROMOTER , .. ,', .... ........ .... ,',., 51 THE E2 EARLY PROMOTER.,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,, .,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 53 THE E3, E4, IVa2, IX, AND E2 LATE PROMOTERS .. .... .. ,, .. ... 55 THE EIA PROMOTER ..... , ..... , ..... ,..... 61 E I A TRANSACTIVATION .... ...... ...... .. ,., ........ ,.... 65 Other Viral Transactivating Proteins .. .. .... 66 Most Endogenous Genes are not Transactivated ....... ,......... 67 No Specific Promoter Element Required for Transactivation . 67 Evidence Suggests an Increase in the Amount of Limiting Transcription Factors 69 The IE Protein Stimulates Transcription in vitro .. ,,.. .... 70 FUTURE DIRECTIONS ...... ...... ......... ........ , ..... .. , .. , 72