Water resource security evaluation and barrier analysis in Henan Province utilizing the DPSIR framework

Water resource health is one of the necessary conditions for society to achieve sustainable development. Due to the predominant focus of most studies on relatively short time spans, with limited attention to long time series and spatial trends, this study, using various regions of Henan Province as a case study, constructs a water resource security assessment framework based on the DPSIR model encompassing Drivers (D), Pressures (P), State (S), Impact (I), and Response (R) dimensions, with a selection of 19 evaluation indicators. Based on this evaluation index system, the CRITIC-TOPSIS evaluation method is formulated by integrating the CRITIC (Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) models. This method is employed to assess the degree of water resource security in Henan Province from 2013 to 2022. And the Obstruction Degree Model is introduced to diagnose the water resource security levels in various regions of Henan Province. The assessment results indicate that over the past decade, the overall level of water resource security in various regions of Henan Province has shown an increasing trend. Irrigated area, per capita water resources, water consumption per unit of industrial value added, per acre water consumption for agricultural irrigation, the ratio of river length meeting water quality standards, groundwater supply proportion, and sewage treatment rate are identified as the primary obstacles influencing the water resource security levels in different regions of Henan Province. The research outcomes of this study can serve as theoretical foundations to enhance urban water resource security globally, ultimately facilitating sustainable development.