A non-pharmacological intervention for insomnia: tryptophan-fructooligosaccharides combination improves sleep in mice via anti-inflammation and gut microbiota modulation

In murine insomnia models, tryptophan and FOS (TF) significantly improved sleep duration in a dose- and time-dependent manner, reduced systemic and hypothalamic inflammation, and increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium .