RGDS-modified ursolic acid: insights into self-assembly, nano-properties, osteoporosis inhibition and molecular mechanisms

bio-distribution data showed that UA-RGDS was only distributed in the femur of OVX mice, while null distribution was found in the blood and other organs. These observations suggested that UA-RGDS can target the femur, thereby preventing bone loss. ELISA results showed that as an anti-osteoporosis agent, UA-RGDS downregulated the expressions of IL-1β in the serum of OVX mice. Thus, serum IL-1β levels could be a biomarker to clinically detect menopause, and UA-RGDS could help prevent bone loss.