A Cooperative Bargaining Game Framework for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Energy Sharing and Trading at Charging Stations

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) energy sharing emerges as a promising solution framework that allows electric vehicles (EVs) to exchange energy, thereby mitigating the strain on existing energy infrastructure, and ultimately reducing overall charging costs. In this research, we investigate a mixed-integer V2V energy exchange problem in the presence of a central aggregator that acts as a non-profit mediator. Subsequently, we construct a combined trading and charge scheduling framework employing the Nash bargaining solution method. The proposed cooperative framework relies on a hierarchical algorithmic strategy to address the energy exchange and payment bargaining game. We devise a decentralized approach using augmented Lagrangian and the alternating direction method of multipliers to achieve a mutually beneficial trading outcome. Through a numerical case study, we demonstrate that energy trading can potentially reduce the total operation cost by up to 14.23 % and interaction with the charging station by 5.48 %.