FGF1ΔHBS ameliorates DSS‐induced ulcerative colitis by reducing neutrophil recruitment through the MAPK pathway

Background and Purpose Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) constitute chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, with escalating global prevalence. There is a pressing demand for safe and effective treatments for IBDs. Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) variant FGF1 ΔHBS , characterised by reduced mitogenic capacity, has shown promising therapeutic potential in various inflammatory conditions, including obesity and diabetic nephropathy. Hence, exploring the therapeutic impact of FGF1 ΔHBS on colitis is warranted. Experimental Approach The protective role of FGF1 ΔHBS was evaluated using a dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis model in mice. RNA‐seq analysis was performed on colonic tissues. Inflammatory factor expression was examined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining were employed to confirm the inhibitory effect of FGF1 ΔHBS on neutrophil recruitment. Western blotting was performed to explore the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. Key Results FGF1 ΔHBS significantly alleviated DSS‐induced colitis, as indicated by reduced Disease Activity Index scores and less histological injury to the colon. Additionally, FGF1 ΔHBS decreased the expression of pro‐inflammatory factors. Mechanistically, FGF1 ΔHBS inhibited neutrophil‐associated chemokine expression in intestinal epithelial cells by suppressing the MAPK signalling pathway, thereby reducing neutrophil recruitment and attenuating neutrophil‐mediated intestinal inflammation. Conclusion and Implications FGF1 ΔHBS protects against DSS‐induced colitis in mice by inhibiting neutrophil recruitment through MAPK activity suppression, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing IBDs.