微泡
免疫系统
外体
免疫疗法
细胞外小泡
细胞生物学
抗原
生物
癌症免疫疗法
生物发生
机制(生物学)
纳米医学
免疫学
癌症研究
纳米技术
材料科学
小RNA
纳米颗粒
生物化学
基因
认识论
哲学
作者
Julien Milon Essola,Mengjie Zhang,Haiyin Yang,Fangzhou Li,Bozhang Xia,Jacques François Mavoungou,Abid Hussain,Yuanyu Huang
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.09.018
摘要
Due to its multiple features, including the ability to orchestrate remote communication between different tissues, the exosomes are the extracellular vesicles arousing the highest interest in the scientific community. Their size, established as an average of 30-150 nm, allows them to be easily uptaken by most cells. According to the type of cells-derived exosomes, they may carry specific biomolecular cargoes used to reprogram the cells they are interacting with. In certain circumstances, exosomes stimulate the immune response by facilitating or amplifying the release of foreign antigens-killing cells, inflammatory factors, or antibodies (immune activation). Meanwhile, in other cases, they are efficiently used by malignant elements such as cancer cells to mislead the immune recognition mechanism, carrying and transferring their cancerous cargoes to distant healthy cells, thus contributing to antigenic invasion (immune suppression). Exosome dichotomic patterns upon immune system regulation present broad advantages in immunotherapy. Its perfect comprehension, from its early biogenesis to its specific interaction with recipient cells, will promote a significant enhancement of immunotherapy employing molecular biology, nanomedicine, and nanotechnology.
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