This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Carbonate diagenesis Sequence stratigraphy Carbonate diagenesis and relative sea-level falls (LST) Carbonate diagenesis during relative sea-level rises (TST) Carbonate diagenesis during relative sea-level highstands (HST) Carbonate diagenesis on the parasequence scale Carbonate diagenesis and sequence stacking patterns Carbonate diagenesis and role of associated siliciclastics Carbonate diagenesis through the Phanerozoic: broad trends and the first-order sea-level curve Carbonate diagenesis and sequences through the Phanerozoic Summary Acknowledgements References