Antimicrobial management of complex biofilms in diabetic foot ulcers: a microbiological perspective

Antimicrobial stewardship, broader access to medical resources, and improved sanitation are essential to diminish the impact of diabetes on healthcare systems. Furthermore, the development of a rapid tool to detect antibiotic-tolerant cells is fundamental to avoid DFIs relapse. The biofilms dynamics and the dual relationship between biofilms and the immune system should be further understood. While traditional antibiotics are essential to treat DFIs, a multi-combinatorial strategy combining conventional compounds with alternative therapies should be more effective to overcome resistance and promote wound healing in DFUs.