tiRNA-Gln-CTG is Involved in the Regulation of Trophoblast Cell Function in Pre-eclampsia and Serves as a Potent Biomarker

Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a gestational disorder that significantly endangers maternal and fetal health. Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are important in the progression and diagnosis of various diseases. However, their role in the development of PE is unclear. Consequently, we detected the expression profiles of tsRNAs in the plasma of patients with PE as well as those in the plasma of the healthy control group, and a multiplicity of experiments were conducted with the aim of clarifying their roles in the occurrence and development of PE and the feasibility of serving as predictive biomarkers for this disorder. Methods: High-throughput sequencing of tsRNA in plasma from PE cases was performed to evaluate its potential as a diagnostic or therapeutic biomarker. The function of tsRNA in trophoblasts was explored using the HTR-8/SVneo cell line. Plasma from pregnant women with suspected PE was analyzed to assess the potential of tsRNA to act as a predictive marker of PE. Results: High-throughput sequencing of tsRNA was performed on plasma from pregnant women with PE and from healthy pregnant controls. Analysis revealed a significant reduction in the level of tRNA-derived stress-inducing RNA (tiRNA)-Gln-CTG in the plasma (p < 0.001) and placenta (p < 0.001) of pregnant women with PE, suggesting its potential involvement in the development of this condition. tiRNA-Gln-CTG was identified in the cytoplasm and nucleus of HTR-8/SVneo cells. In vitro experiments revealed that tiRNA-Gln-CTG influences the proliferation, cycling, migration, and invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells, possibly by targeting the 3′UTR region of thrombospondin-2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for degradation. Extracellular vesicle (EV) carriers may mediate the level of tiRNA-Gln-CTG in the circulation. Y-box binding protein-1 (YBX1) may be involved in loading tiRNA-Gln-CTG into EVs. The sensitivity of low tiRNA-Gln-CTG levels for predicting the onset of PE in suspected cases was 91.7% within 1 week of delivery, 85.7% within 4 weeks of delivery, and 89.3% before delivery, with corresponding specificities of 84.5%, 79.2%, and 73.4%, respectively. Conclusions: tiRNA-Gln-CTG significantly influences trophoblast function and is associated with the development of PE. It can serve as an effective biomarker for predicting PE progression within one week of delivery in women with suspected PE.