Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Dependent Platelet-Derived Microvesicles Trigger Procoagulant Effects and Amplify Oxidative Stress

The fundamental mechanisms that underlie platelet activation in atherothrombosis are still obscure. Oxidative stress is involved in central features of atherosclerosis. Platelet-derived microvesicles (PMVs) could be important mediators between oxidative stress and platelet activation. CD36 could be a receptor of PMVs, thus generating a PMV-CD36 complex. We aimed to investigate the detailed pathway by which oxidative damage contributes to platelet activation by the PMV-CD36 complex. We found that oxidized low-density lipoprotein stimulated the generation of PMVs. PMVs enhanced normal platelet activation, as assessed by the expression of integrin α(IIb)β₃, secretion of soluble P-selectin and platelet aggregation, but CD36-deficient platelets were not activated by PMVs. The function of the PMV-CD36 complex was mediated by the MKK4/JNK2 signaling axis. Meanwhile, PMVs increased the level of 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α, a marker of oxidative stress, in a CD36- and phosphatidylserine-dependent manner. We concluded that PMVs are important mediators between oxidative stress and platelet activation. PMVs and CD36 may be effective targets for preventing platelet activation in cardiovascular diseases.