Accounts are given of six species of freshwater planarians of the genus Dugesia Girard 1850 and two of the genus Neppia Ball 1974 from the Afrotropical Region, based on samples from new localities as well as re-examination of original preparations of previously described species. The study resulted in the description of one new species, an improved understanding of the distinguishing features and taxonomic status of several species, and a re-assessment of the taxonomic status of several populations described earlier in the literature. The diversity of freshwater planarians of the Afrotropical Region is compared with that of the Palearctic section of Africa.