Metabolic reprogramming of macrophages in cancer therapy

Cancer presents a significant global public health challenge. Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), macrophages are the most abundant immune cell population. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) undergo metabolic reprogramming through influence of the TME; thus, by manipulating key metabolic pathways such as glucose, lipid, or amino acid metabolism, it may be possible to shift TAMs towards an antitumor state, enhancing the immune response against tumors. Here, we highlight the metabolic reprogramming of macrophages as a potential approach for cancer immunotherapy. We explore the major pathways involved in the metabolic reprogramming of TAMs and offer new and valuable insights on the current technologies utilized for TAM reprogramming, including genome editing, antibodies, small molecules, nanoparticles and other in situ editing strategies.