Exploring the potential of CAR-NK cell therapy in the management of head and neck cancer (HNC): a narrative review

Background: The management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) presents significant challenges due to the complex anatomy of the region and potential functional impairments caused by conventional treatments. Recent advancements in immunotherapy, particularly CAR-NK cell therapy, provide a possible option by using the innate immune system to target tumor cells. Methods: This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of CAR-NK cell potential for head and neck cancer, covering its mechanisms, challenges, and future directions. Results: CAR-NK cell therapy presents an innovative approach with fewer side effects compared to traditional immunotherapies. Targeting specific receptors such as PD-L1, EGFR, CD44v6, and MUC1 enhances tumor cell elimination while minimizing off-target effects. Pre-clinical and early clinical results are promising, pointing toward a possible role in personalized therapeutic options. Conclusions: CAR-NK cells offer a novel therapeutic avenue for HNSCC by combining targeted cytotoxicity with improved safety profiles. Further research and clinical trials are imperative to optimize this approach, paving the way for advanced, patient-specific treatments.