Effect of the Medium Compositionon the Bulblet Formation of Garlic (Al-yabrudi) using Tissue Culture Technique

The plant tissue culture technique has been used to study the effect of the medium composition and sucrose concentration in the bulblet formation of local garlic cultivar “Al-yabrudi” during 2010– 2012. Root tips (5-10 mm) were used as explants that cultured on Murashinge & Skoog(1962)medium (MS) supplemented with (2 mg/l) 2,4-D and (1 mg/ l) BA for callus induction. For shoot formation, the callus were transferred on MS medium supplemented with NAA (0.5 mg/ l) and BA (2 mg/ l), then the shoots were transferred to a free growth regulator MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of sucrose (3, 7, 9, 12 % ) and ½ MS with 3% sucrose for bullets formation. Results showed an increase in the number of bullets and decrease in time period required for bullets formation with increasing of sucrose concentration to 9 or 12%. The low concentration of sucrose (3%) induced to rising number of the root on bulblets (10.2), while the high concentration of sucrose (12%) gave the best results in term of weight (0.84 g), diameter (0.89 cm) and length of formation bulblets (0.94 cm). There were no significant differences between ½ MS and MS with 3% sucrose for each in all studied indicators in spite of the reducing of the elements in the medium to half.