神经科学
心理学
扁桃形结构
蓝斑
基底外侧杏仁核
一般化
恐惧条件反射
海马体
前额叶腹内侧皮质
前额叶皮质
中枢神经系统
认知
数学
数学分析
作者
Ryan Webler,Hannah Berg,Kimberly Fhong,Lauri Tuominen,Daphne J. Holt,Rajendra A. Morey,Iris Lange,Philip Burton,Miquel À. Fullana,Joaquim Raduà,Shmuel Lissek
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.035
摘要
Fear generalization to stimuli resembling a conditioned danger-cue (CS+) is a fundamental dynamic of classical fear-conditioning. Despite the ubiquity of fear generalization in human experience and its known pathogenic contribution to clinical anxiety, neural investigations of human generalization have only recently begun. The present work provides the first meta-analysis of this growing literature to delineate brain substrates of conditioned fear-generalization and formulate a working neural model. Included studies (K = 6, N = 176) reported whole-brain fMRI results and applied generalization-gradient methodology to identify brain activations that gradually strengthen (positive generalization) or weaken (negative generalization) as presented stimuli increase in CS+ resemblance. Positive generalization was instantiated in cingulo-opercular, frontoparietal, striatal-thalamic, and midbrain regions (locus coeruleus, periaqueductal grey, ventral tegmental area), while negative generalization was implemented in default-mode network nodes (ventromedial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, middle temporal gyrus, angular gyrus) and amygdala. Findings are integrated within an updated neural account of generalization centering on the hippocampus, its modulation by locus coeruleus and basolateral amygdala, and the excitation of threat- or safety-related loci by the hippocampus.
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