Latest trends for biogenic amines detection in foods: Enzymatic biosensors and nanozymes applications

In the near future, sensitive, rapid and economical detection of food allergens will remain a hardship to the health promotion of the community. Biogenic Amines (BAs) are a type of food allergens, and due to the trace level and complexity of BAs, improvement of professional and cost-effective detection techniques has become particularly demanding. Since vegetables, canned and fresh fish, beverages, and fermented foods have high concentrations of BAs and are mainly consumed, the advancement of specific and finely tuned methods for quick diagnosis of BAs are exceedingly urgent. In this review, enzyme-based biosensors for BAs detection in foods with different transducers such as chemiluminescent, surface-enhanced raman scattering biosensors electrochemical, and fluorescence biosensors are presented. Nanozymes-based detection of BAs in foods are also discussed with recent applications. Moreover, the latest advances of BAs detection by enzyme-based biosensors and nanozyme-based methods are further tabulated. Among modern diagnostic techniques, biosensors are economical, simple, and precise instruments for BAs detection. In the future, studying novel biosensors such as multifunctional nanocomposite biosensors will satisfy the demand for the enhancement of food safety and cost-effective nanozyme-based methods for BAs detection.