A green chemistry perspective on catalytic amide bond formation

The synthesis of amides is of widespread importance, and there has been considerable recent interest in the development of catalytic methods to access these molecules. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the current state of the art in amide synthesis, and assess new catalytic amide formation methods in the context of efficiency and sustainability. The advantages and disadvantages of catalytic approaches are highlighted and areas for future research are identified. Amide bond formation is a hugely important reaction in organic synthesis. This Perspective examines the factors that influence the choice of reaction conditions for this process, comparing widely used stoichiometric reagents with catalysts. The authors draw on both academic and industrial data and focus on the efficiency, scope and sustainability of the various approaches.