共谋
经济
竞赛(生物学)
微观经济学
寡头垄断
惩罚(心理学)
计算机科学
古诺竞争
心理学
生态学
社会心理学
生物
作者
Emilio Calvano,Giacomo Calzolari,Vincenzo Denicolò,Sergio Pastorello
摘要
Increasingly, algorithms are supplanting human decision-makers in pricing goods and services. To analyze the possible consequences, we study experimentally the behavior of algorithms powered by Artificial Intelligence (Q-learning) in a workhorse oligopoly model of repeated price competition. We find that the algorithms consistently learn to charge supracompetitive prices, without communicating with one another. The high prices are sustained by collusive strategies with a finite phase of punishment followed by a gradual return to cooperation. This finding is robust to asymmetries in cost or demand, changes in the number of players, and various forms of uncertainty. (JEL D21, D43, D83, L12, L13)
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