Advances and updates in antibiotic combination therapy

After reviewing the current available literature, in our opinion, a strong indication to use antibiotic combination therapy can be only for specific situations and clinical syndromes (such as endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome due to S. pyogenes, or persistent bacteremia due to S. aureus and few others). However, especially in severe infections due to gram negatives, clinical trial and strong data are insufficient to draw definite clinical indications. Consequently, further randomized clinical trial should be performed, and they should include new antibiotics to define the potential role of combination therapy.