Highly effective synthesis of novel structured phospholipid emulsifiers using magnetically recyclable Fe3O4@SiO2/M (M = Zn or Al) composite

It is of great importance to develop a most efficient, recyclable, and ecofriendly process to produce novel structured phospholipid emulsifiers. Herein, innovative medium-chain structured phospholipid (MCSPL) emulsifiers were synthesized through transesterification of soybean lecithins with medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) promoted by Zn- or Al-incorporated Fe3O4@SiO2, denoted by Fe3O4@SiO2/M (M = Zn or Al). Resultingly, Fe3O4@SiO2/M (M = Zn or Al) exhibited the most superior reactivity with 97.1% or 88.7% MCFA incorporation to other benchmark catalysts and also had excellent magnetic separability and recyclability. Noticeably, targeted MCSPLs possessed almost more superior emulsifying properties to other phospholipid emulsifiers, and had potential for use as oil-in-water emulsifiers. Conclusively, the present findings demonstrate that transesterification promoted by Fe3O4@SiO2/M (M = Zn or Al) can be a promising approach for green, economic, and highly effective synthesis of novel dual-function phospholipid emulsifiers with bioactive and emulsifying properties in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.