Mechanisms of lipopolysaccharides-driven progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, and enhanced intestinal permeability is the most common pathological phenomenon in CRC patients, which leads to the translocation of the microbiota and its products into colorectal tumors and systemic circulation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important component of a widely studied gut gram-negative bacteria and is known to be a key step that can stimulate CRC progression, metastasis and relapse. Therefore, a better understanding of how LPS mediates CRC progression and metastasis is needed to guide their use and improvement in cancer therapy. Here, we review LPS signaling pathway, intestinal barrier permeability and LPS translocation, correlation of CRC with LPS signaling pathway, and specific mechanisms by which LPS drives CRC progression and metastasis. A comprehensive understanding of the diverse functions of LPS in CRC is important for the development of safer and more effective CRC therapies.