Polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus promotes the activation of human peripheral blood and mouse spleen dendritic cells

Astragalus membranaceus (A. membranaceus) is a widely used traditional herb in China and Korea. A. membranaceus polysaccharides (AMP), which make up a major part of the root extract, have been shown to modulate immune modulations, especially activation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and T cells. However, the immune stimulatory effect of AMP in the mouse in vivo and human peripheral blood DCs (PBDCs) has not been well investigated. In this study, we found that intravenous (i.v.) injection of AMP in C57BL/6 mice induced remarkable elevations in co-stimulatory and MHC class I and II molecule levels in the splenic DCs and its subsets. The stimulatory effect of DCs by AMP was elevated 6 h after treatment, which rapidly decreased 18 h after injection. Furthermore, AMP promoted intracellular production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in spleen DC subsets, which contributed elevation of serum cytokine levels. Finally, the AMP promoted PBDC activation. Thus, these results demonstrate that AMP can be used as an immune stimulatory molecules in human and mouse.