Enzyme-Induced Supramolecular Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras Enable Tumor-Targeted Protein Degradation

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) using proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) offers a promising approach to modulating intracellular protein homeostasis and eliminating disease-associated proteins. However, conventional PROTACs often exhibit limited control over tissue and spatial selectivity for in vivo protein degradation as well as the hook effect, thereby compromising their therapeutic potency. Herein, we report enzyme-induced supramolecular PROTACs (eiSupTACs) that harness tumor-specific biochemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry to assemble multivalent degraders for tumor-targeted protein degradation. eiSupTACs are constructed from peptide- and protein-targeting ligand conjugates functionalized with cysteine and 2-cyanobenzothiazole motifs, which undergo bioorthogonal assembly into supramolecular nanoparticles upon activation by tumor-overexpressed cathepsin B and elevated intracellular glutathione. eiSupTACs present multiple recruiting ligands for both E3 ligases and protein targets, facilitating proteasome-mediated degradation selectively within cancer cells. We demonstrate potent and selective degradation of bromodomain protein 4 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in multiple cancer cell lines, with minimal activity in nonmalignant cells. Notably, the degradation of GPX4 via eiSupTACs induces ferroptosis and suppresses tumor growth in a murine xenograft model. This study establishes a modular, tumor-selective TPD platform, providing a generalizable strategy for spatiotemporally resolved protein homeostasis modulation for targeted therapy.