This article reports a newly-developed process, termed as the integrated mechanical and thermal activation (IMTA) process, for large-scale production of nanostructured carbides, nitrides and their composites. Comparisons with other existing processes for making nanostructured carbides and nitrides are presented. The study shows that the IMTA process possesses great potentials in producing large quantities of high quality nanostructured carbides, nitrides and their composites at low material costs, low energy consumption, and high production rates.