High performance ceramic tool materials are required to have many excellent properties,such as high hardness,high wear-resistance,high heat-resistance,high adhesion-resistance and chemical stability,etc. The relationship between the microstructure and properties of ceramic tool materials is discussed. From the viewpoint of materials design,the design idea of ceramic composite tool materials and design principles of high performance ceramic tools have been put forward. Some important properties and their mixture laws have also been discussed in detail. With the development and intercross of related disciplines in theories and methods as well as the advancement of test methods,high performance ceramic tool materials design may advance from qualitative analysis to quantitative description.