The ultrastructures of spleen,thymus and endocrine organs in kidney_yang deficiency and spleen_deficiency model ratswere compared,and the effects of Shengqi Tang and Si Junzi Tang on the above model rats were observed under the same experimental conditions.The results showed that the ultrastructures of spleen and thymus in spleen_deficiency and kidney_yang deficiency rats were obviously damaged,especially in the latter,and that of the adrenal gland in kidney_yang deficiency rats was also singnificantly damaged.These provide an ultrapathological evidence of corresponding organs for spleen_deficiency and kidney_yang deficiency syndromes.Furthermore,Shengqi Tang(a kidney_tonifying formula)and Si Junzi Tang(a spleen_tonifying formula)can reduce the ultrastructural damages in spleen_deficiency and kidney_yang deficiency rats respectively.