Radiofrequency Ablation (RA) of Benign Thyroid Nodules

This chapter reviews the different thermal ablation techniques for benign thyroid nodules, in particular it discusses the radiofrequency ablation (RFA) technique with its advantages and disadvantages, and also emphasises the importance of protecting adjacent nerve structures, such as the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN).In addition, important aspects of RFA ablation procedures are described, such as hydrodissection, rescue techniques to avoid nerve damage, local anaesthesia and sedation.Guidelines and training for RFA, clinical settings, informed patient consent and expected outcomes and benefits for patients undergoing RFA procedures on benign thyroid nodules are also outlined.